长江江苏段岸线及岸线资源综合评

通过长江江苏段河道的演变，评价了江苏长江岸线的确定性及岸线资源条件,分析了长江江苏段岸线资源开发利用现状及存在问题，提出了岸线利用原则。在长江江苏段岸线利用过程中，还存在河势不稳定，布局不合理，重大岸线开发工程缺乏足够的科学论证和水污染严重等问题，提出遵照河道演变规律开发岸线，保护河岸工程的安全，制定权威的岸线功能区划和开发利用规划，实行岸线有偿使用。根据河岸水质污染与河床特点合理布置引水口和排污口，提高引水质量。     

土质边坡稳定安全系数影响因素的

土质边坡稳定安全系数的计算值主要与采用的简化计算方法和土工参数有关。采用正交试验法计算分析了不同的计算方法、材料参数、水位及其相关荷载、地震作用等对边坡安全系数计算值的影响，进而对设计中的计算方法和材料参数提出了一些有益的建议，并提出了在工程运行管理中应尽量避免低水位或水位骤降情况的意见，为土石坝类工程的设计与运行管理提供了重要参考。     

饲用α-半乳糖苷酶酶活稳定性的研究

在酶制剂生产加工和储存过程中,酶活稳定性是酶应用过程中最常遇到的实际问题。本文研究不同载体、高温高湿、金属离子、保存初始pH值、保护剂浓度和存储时间对体外α-半乳糖苷酶稳定性的影响。试验结果表明:①无机载体碳酸钙、元明粉和滑石粉对α-半乳糖苷酶活性影响很大,收率均为0%;有机载体中玉米皮粉效果最好,收率高达90.83%;其次是淀粉,收率为61.11%;稻壳粉收率最低,仅为44.72%。②湿度为17%,温度小于85℃,酶活损失率小于10%,说明该酶有较强的耐温能力,温度为90℃,酶活损失率达到16.2%,随着温度上升,酶活损失率开始增加,不利于酶活的保存。③Cu2+对该酶有抑制作用3,7℃恒温水浴4 h后酶活存留率仅为74%,Mn2+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Na+、K+和Mg2+对α-半乳糖苷酶有几近相同的保护作用,酶活存留率均大于92%。④该酶最适保存pH值为5.3;pH值为4.4时,酶活损失率达到30.1%,不利于酶的保存;pH值为5.6时,酶活损失率为3.77%,pH值在4.7~5.6之间,酶活损失率小于10%,有利于酶的保存。总之,过酸和过碱都不利于酶的保存。⑤1%NaCl、1%甘露醇、5%和7%的山梨醇都有杂菌产生,不利于酶的保存3;%~5%的NaCl酶活损失小于10%1,%和5%~7%的甘油酶活损失率小于5%,都有利于酶活保存。     

都汶高速公路岩石边坡植被恢复物种选择及评价

根据植物的环境适应性特性、功能特性、经济社会效益等准则要素,运用层次分析法,对优选中准则要素的各因子进行定性和定量分析,从而找出都汶高速公路边坡生态恢复的最佳植物种类。结果表明:栾树、美丽胡枝子、多花木蓝、草木樨、高羊茅等9种抗逆性强、护坡效果好、成本低廉的植物最适宜于都汶高速公路边坡生存生长。     

Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪研究异丙甲草胺水乳剂物理稳定性

为获得不同因素对异丙甲草胺水乳剂物理稳定性的影响规律,同时验证Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪预测和评价水乳剂物理稳定性的可行性,利用Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪,结合加速试验[(54±2)℃,14d]结果,研究了乳化剂用量、体系pH和电解质离子等对磷酸酯盐稳定的异丙甲草胺水乳剂物理稳定性的影响。结果表明:乳化剂三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯三乙醇胺盐(SCP)用量为6.0%(质量分数)时,水乳剂稳定性最好;过酸或过碱均会破坏水乳剂的稳定性,pH=9时水乳剂可获得较好的稳定性;Mg2+压缩油水界面双电层,导致水乳剂稳定性下降,且Mg2+添加浓度越大,水乳剂越不稳定。Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪以多重光散射为技术核心,在不破坏样品的前提下,能够准确测定乳状液中浮油、沉淀和液滴粒径大小的变化情况,与加速试验结果吻合度高,不仅能够缩短试验周期,而且可以分析不稳定现象发生的机理。     

橄榄基因资源保存库营建技术与效果分析

文章介绍了在茂名市国营八一林场营建橄榄基因库的方法及管理措施,并于2006年对基因保存库的成活率、生长量、结果株率、单株产果量、单位树冠投影面积产果量、果实性状等作了调查测定分析,结果表明:(1)采用苗圃嫁接成活苗上山造林及上山定砧后嫁接相结合的方法可加快橄榄基因库的营建;(2)基因库收集了广东主要橄榄栽培区7个县(市)11个农家品种81个优良单株,移栽及嫁接株共保存1 210株,保存率达95.65%,无性系结果比例达79.01%;(3)2002~2004年嫁接成活率为50.46%~80.05%,接株年均生长量树高0.7~1.0 m,径粗2.2~2.9 cm,冠幅0.8~0.9 m。总体结果株率、平均单株产果量和平均单位树冠投影面积产果量在嫁接4 a后分别为89.23%、1.11 kg和0.111 kg/m2,嫁接3 a后分别为69.61%、0.37 kg和0.054 kg/m2,嫁接2 a后分别为51.74%、0.15 kg和0.032 kg/m2;(4)橄榄单果质量4.63~12.64 g,果纵径2.63~4.00 cm,果形指数1.25~1.94,可食率78.51%~86.82%;(5)综合分析结果评选出g14、g18、g20、j1、p10、p8、g15、g2、g24、g27、x3、x4、x5、x6、g21、g32、g16、g33、g19、d15、d16、d7等22个为较优良无性系,其中又以g14、g18最优。     

The method for designing the profile of forest roads supported by genetic algorithm

This study examines a method for designing an optimum profile of a forest road in a short matter of time. In this method, a genetic algorithm (GA) searches for points where the gradient changes and dynamic programing (DP) designs the longitudinal slope. This method can be applied to the ground heights of an actual forest road. The evaluation function of the DP assesses the total expenditure. The inverse of this function is the fitness function. Crossover and mutation are operators of an evolution simulation of a GA. They are each repeated 20 times and 420 profiles are designed and assessed, all within about 10 min. A comparison of the profile designed by the GA with that of an actual forest road shows only one section where the formation level differed substantially. Overall, both profiles seem to show a high degree of correspondence. From this result, we believe that the profile designed by the GA is best, or the one of the best. A conventional method takes about 65 h to calculate all changing points of gradients. However, by using the GA, the calculation time was reduced to about 1/389 that of the coventional method, showing that the method which uses the GA through the profile design is very useful.     

应用回归分析法测定白杨无性系生长的稳定性

本文报道了3个白杨杂种无性系在河北省5个县6a的造林试验结果。应用回归分析方法测定了无性系生长的稳定性,预测了它们的适生范围。结果表明,3个无性系平均树高和平均胸径均优于对照种易县毛白杨。741树高生长在有利环境条件下优势明显,胸径生长稳定性强,适合在各种生产水平下栽种。303树高生长在较差环境下表现出较大优势,胸径生长在各生产水平下栽种均表现较好。106稳定性较差,选用时应慎重。     

Performance characterization of rigid polyurethane foam with refined alkali lignin and modified alkali lignin

The two kinds of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared with respectively adding the refined alkali lignin and alkali lignin modified by 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane to be instead of 15% of the polyether glycol in weight. The indexes of mechanical performance, apparent density, thermal stability and aging resistance were separately tested for the prepared PU foams. The results show that the mechanical property, thermal insulation and thermal stability for PU foam with modified alkali lignin are excellent among two kinds of PU foams and control samples. The additions of the refined alkali lignin and modified alkali lignin to PU foam have little effect on the natural aging or heat aging resistance except for decreasing hot alkali resistance apparently. Additionally, the thermal conductivity of modified alkali lignin PU foam is lowest among two kinds of PU foams and control samples. The alkali lignin PU foam modified by 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane could be applied in the heat preservation field.